Johannes krone



J. KRONE. 7 HYDRAULIC PISTON ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED OUT. 29,, 1968.

atented Aug. 24. 1909 3 SHEETS-BHEBT 1.

J. KRONE.

HYDRAULIG PISTON ENGINE.

APPLIUATION FILED 00129, 1902.

932,033. v Patented Aug.24,1909.

s SHEETS-SHEET 2.

J. KRONE.

HYDRAULIC PISTON ENGINE.

uruouxon I'I-LBD 001:. 29, 1908.

Patented Aug. 24; 1909.

v 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

by way of exdmplea variable speed gear enlarged to vided with a central I nN1TE sTATEs PATENT OFFICE.

- JOHANNES KRONE, 0F ESSEN-ON-THE-BUHB, GERMANY, ASSIGNOB T0 FRIED. KBUPP AKTIEN- GESELLSOHAFT, ESSEN-ON-THE-BUHB, GERMANY.

HYDRAULIC-FIST ON ENGINE.

resident of Eseen-on-the-Ruhr, Germany,

have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydraulic-Piston Engines, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to 'Ipiston engines having a plurality Ofradialy and rotatably arranged cylinders, and the object of the invention is, inter alia, to adapt th s I type of. piston engines to serve as fluid variable speed gear consisting of a pump and a motor.

In the accompanying drawings is shown,

of the kind named; 4

- Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through the variable speed gear. Fig. 2 is a section on line 2- -2, Fig. 1, looking from the right; Figs. 3 and 4' show'the same section as Fig. 2 but show the several parts in different positions; Fig. 5 is asection on line 55, Fig. 1, looking from the left, Fi ;.-6 is asection on line E -6. Fig. 1, looking atom the right, and Fig. T a section on line 7 7. Fig. 1, looking from the left;

A. indicates the driving shaft of the varia ble speed gear. 'Theshaft A is rotatably mounted, in the manner. shown in the drawings, in a casing which consists of two parts B and B A partition E, which is provided with two central .trunnions E and E divides the casing BQB" into two compartments B and B Tl'wend of the shaft A which projects into-.thecompartment B" is a which is pro- A ore a (Fig. 1). The axis of the bore a? coincides with the axis of the shaft A and the trunnion E projects into the bore and tightly closes the bore to ward the exterior; The block a? is provided with five cylindricalzbbres a a a, a and a (Fig. 2) whichfere-ai'rangedthe same angular distance ire m each other; These bores, in which are gilidedifpistons C, form the working cylinders 0 'h pump of the fluid variable speed geam'EGn the inside the pump-cylinders a to 'a 'oomniunicate with the bore a through the medium of-channels a Toward the outside the pump-cylinders are closed by the pistons C only; the pump is therefore single-acting and the working chamber of each cylinder is located between Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed October 29, 1908.

Patented Aug. 24, 1909.

Serial No. 460,141.

the corres ending piston and the axis of rotation o the shaft A. i

In addition to the block a the compartment of the housing B B contains a cup-shaped bearing-member F which is guided on the end-Wall of the compartment 1 in a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the shaft- A. To that end-the end-wall of the compartment B is provlded wlth two rails I) (Figs. 1 and 5) be tween which is guided a guide-piece 7" arranged on the bearing-member F.

The member F is provided with a central 3 perforation f (Figs. 1 and 5) ,for the passage of the shaft A. The bearing-member i can be adjusted through the medium of .a screw 79 which is provided with a handi wheel 6* and which is rotatably but non-slidably mounted in the casing-part B, the

screw engaging in aprojection ,located on the bearing-member F and provided with corresponding internal threads. A. member G, which is also cup-shaped, is rotatably mounted in the cup-shaped member F through the medium of balls P. The member G is providedfwith a central perf0ra tion 5/ (see Fig. L) for-.thepassage of the shaft A. When the'bearingmember F is in the position shown' 'in "Fig. 2? the axis of rotation of the member'G coincides with the axis of rotation of the. shaft A. From this position-the axis ofrotation of the member G, which in Figs. 3 and .4 is rejected in the point D can lie-adjusted 0th upwardly and downward-lyfby suitably turning the screw V. Fig; ,3 shows the members F and G in the positionwhich they assume when the axisof rotation of the member G is in its lowermost position and Fig. 4 shows the position in which the axis of rotation of the member G is in its uppermost position. The distance which, in any position of the bearjug-member F, the axis of rotation of the member G has from the axis of rotationof the shaft A, which in Figs. 3 and 4 is pro jected in the point D, will ,in'the following be termed the eccentricity ofthe pump.

The member G and the block a are connected to each other by means of. an Oldham coupling. The coupling cons sts in the known manner of a disk J (Figs. 1 and 7) which is provided with four guide-slots i and i spaced apart an angular distance of a pair of pins a on the block a which are guided by means of rollers Q iii the slots 2' which are located diametricallyopposite in the disk .J. By reason of the known properties of the Uldhamcoupling the member G must, when the shaft A is rotated, turn in the same direction and at the same angular velocity as the shaft A, irrespective of to what eccentricity the pump is adjusted.

To the member G are jointed the outer ends of piston-rods H, which have their inner ends connected to the pistons C in the manner' shown in the drawings. When the axes of rotation of the member G and shaft A coincide, as shownjin Fig. 2, the axes of the piston-rods H coincide with the axes of the pump-cylinders a to a.

The motor of the fluid variable speed gear, which motor is arranged in the casing. chamber 13", is formed in the same manner as the pump. The-motor is also provided with five working cylinders (111 k k is and is) which are. arranged radially and the same angular distance apart in a block K which is rotatably mounted on the trunnion E The motor-cylinders k to k", which are of the same diameter as the pump-cylinders a to a, communicate, by means of channels is" (see especially Fig. 6), with thebore in the block K receiving the trunnion E M indicates the driven shaft of the variable speed gear. The shaft M is journaled in the drawlngs (see especially Fig. 1) the shaft being mounted insuch a manner that its axis, which in Fig. 6 is projected in the point D,

extends parallel to the axis of rotation of the block K which in Fig. 6 is projected in the point D. The distance D D between the two axes, which distance is equal to the greatest eccentricity'of the pump (see Figs. 3 and 4), will in thefollowing be termed the eccentricity of the motor. The eccentricity of the motor is non-variable as contradistinct from the eccentricity of the pump. The end of the shaft M which projects" into the casing-chamber B is enlarged to form a cup-sha ed member at which is rotatably mounte in the casingart B through the medium-of balls R. T coup-shaped member. m is connected with the block K by means of an Oldham coupling S 71: m (Fig. 1) whichis constructed in the same manner as the coupling'J a g of the pump. To the member m are 'ointed the outer ends of piston-'rods N whic ,in the manner shown in the drawings, have their inner ends connected to istons L which are guided in the motor-cylinders k to it (see Figs. 1 and 6). A. rotary controllin valve serves for controlling the pump an the motor? The controlling valve is formed in the following manner: Thest'ationary trunnion E forms the common cut-ofl member for the pumpcylmders and the trunnion E forms the inders. The trunuions E and E are provided with two grooves which are of such formation that two crescent-shaped hollow spaces 6 c and c 0 (see especially Figs. 2 to 4 and Fig.6) are formed between the trunnions and the walls of the bores in the blocks a and K which contain the trunnions. The hollow spaces at and e communicate witheach other through the medium of a channel c located in the interior of the trunnions and the hollow spaces 6 and e communicate with each other through the medium of a channel 6 which is also located in the interior of the trunnions. The hollow spaces c and e, which when the block a is rotated can enter into communication with all the pump-cylinders through the channels a", are separated from each otherby two ribs 6 (Figs. 2 and The hollow spaces a and c, which when the block K is rotated can enter into communication with all the motor-cylinders through the channels Jr", are separated from each other by two ribs c Fig. 6). The ribs 0 are arranged in such a manner that they are divided into two the axis of rotation of the member G can be shifted. The ribs e are also divided into two sy mmetrical halves by the plane in which the axes" of rotation of the block K and shaft M are located. direction of the circumference of the trunnions E and E the ribs 0 and c are of the same width as the channels a and is. The location of thechannels a and is is selected in such a manner that the channels are entirely closed by the ribs 0 or e when the axis of the appurtenant cylinder lies in the symmetry-plane of the ribs.

'When the fluid variable speed gear is in conditibn ready to be set in operationthe working chambers of the pum and of the motor. are filled with a suitab e fluid, such as oil, the hollow spaces of the valve being also filled with the'fluid. It is preferable to also fill the chambers B and B with oil. The means for filling the chambers and spaces with the'fluid are not shown in the drawings.

During the o erationof the variable speed gear the shaft 'is driven in a suitable manner for instance in the direction of the arrow a: (Figs. 2 to 4) by a suitable source of power, such as an electromotor rotating 1n the same direction and at constant speed. If the "ump is' adjustcd to an eccentricity of mil (Fig. 2) the block a and the member G then rotate in the same direction and at the same an ular velocity about the same axis thatis they move as if they were integral with each other. There can therefore be no common cut-ofi' member for the motor-cylsymmetrical halves by the plane inwhich Measured in the ll 3 U movement of the pump-pistons relative to their cylinders. Consequently there is no circulation of fluid from the pump to the motor, and the motor and its shaft- M therefore remain at rest. If the shaft M is to be caused to rotate the pump must be adjusted to an eccentricity other than ml, this being done by turning the screw 6 to shiftthe members F and. G. If the axis of rotation D of the member G lies belowthe axis of rotation D of the shaft A, as shown in Fig. 3, and the shaft A is rotatedin the direction of the arrow 41* it is apparent that thepistons of those pump-cylinders, which for the time being are in communication with the hollow spaces a (in Fig. 3. the cylinders a" a"), will move inwardly and force fluid into the hollow space 6 The pistons of those cylinders which communicate with the hollow space 6* (inFig. 3 the cylinders a a) move outwardly and draw fluid out from the space 6*. In this 'case the hollow space 6 therefore forms the pressui'e'cha1nber of the pump and the hollow chamber 6* forms the'suction-chamber of the pump. In each cylinder the alternation between pressing action and suctionaction takes place when the axis of the cyl-Z uu'ler passes through the symmetry-plane of Z the ribs 6". If the cylinder in such. case is situated below the axis of the shaft A the appurtenant piston is, as shown inthe figure, in its outer dead position, and if the cylinder is situated above the axis of the shaft A. the appurtenant piston is in its inner dead position. It is also apparent that the stroke of the piston is equal to twice the eccentricity of the pump. As the hollow space 0", which is located on the motor-side (Fig. (3), communicates with the hollow" space 0 through the channel 6 the fluid in the space 6 is subjected to pressure while the fluid in the hollow space 6, which communicates with the hollow space 6* by the channel is subjected to suction. In those motor-cydind'ers (k and 0 in Fig. 6) which communicate with the hollow space 6 which is under pressure, forces are therefore exerted on the pistons L which tend to drive the pistons outwardly, while no forces worth mentioning act on the pistons L of those motor-cylinders which communicate with the hollow chamber a which is under suction. The-block K and the shaft M, which is coupled to the block, must therefore rotate and the rotation can only take place in the direction of the arrow w (Fig. 6) as it is evident. that only this direction of rotation will permit. an outward movement of the pistons L in the motor-cylinders which con'ununicate with the hollow space If the hand-wheel b is turned to adjust the members according to Fig. l in such a manner that the axis of rotation D of the member G is situated above the axis D of the shaft A the pistons ofthose cylinders (the cylinders a a, in' Fig. l), which for the time being communicate with the hollow space e, move inwardly and the pistons of those cylinders which communicate with the hollow space 6 move outwardly. In this instance the hollow space 6 therefore forms the pressure-chamber and the hollow space 6 forms the suction-chamber of the pump. Of the two hollow spaces e"'-'and 6 (Fig. 6) located on the niotor-side the hollow space c 'is therefore now under pressure and the hollow space 6 is under suction. In this instance the pistons L of those motorcylinders, which communicate with the hollow space e, are driven outwardly. The motor and the shaft M driven by'the motor musttherefore now "turn in the direction opposite to the arrow 00, (Fig. 6) as it is apparent that only this direction of rotation will permit an outward movement of the pistons of the motor cylinders which communicate with the hollow space 0.

As the motor and the pump are of identicalconstruction the statements made with regard to the amount of movement of the pump-pistons C-equally apply-to the motorpistons L, that is the motor-pistons make a stroke which is equal to twice the eccen tricity of the motor, and the motor-pistons are in one of their dead positions when the axis of the appurtenant; cylinder passes through the symmetry plane of the ribs 6".

In the mode of operation as described in theforegoing the amount of the ratio of transmission bet-ween the driving shaft A and the driven shaft M has not been fully considered. The ratio of transmission can easily be calculated when it is taken in consideration that the motor always runs so rapidly that it-exactly consumes the amount of fluid fed to the motor by the pump. If the. hand-wheel b is turned to adjust the pump in such amanner that its eccentricity for mstance'is equal to the eccentricity of the motor the length of stroke of the pumppistons C is equal to the length of stroke of the motor-pistons L. As furthermore the pump-cylinders and the motor-cylinders are of the same diameter the motor is only capable of taking up the entire amount of fluid fed thereto by the pump if the motor rotates at the same speed as the pump. lVhen the pump is adjusted asv shown in Figs. 3 and 4 the shafts A and M therefore rot-ate at'the same speed in one direction or the other. If

the eccentricity of the pump is decreased the transmission in excess of 1. To that end it 1smerely necessary to select the'eonstructlon in such a manner that the eccentricity of the pump may be made greater than the eccentricity of the motor.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

1. A iston-engine comprising a rotatably mounte member, a plurality of cylinders arranged radially in said member to rotate therewith, a piston in each of said cylinders, a second member mounted to rotate about an axls parallel to the axis of rotation of the cylinders, a piston rod for eachof said pistons having one end connected to the piston and havin its, other end jointed to saidsecond mem er means coupling said second member to the member containing the cylinders to cause said members to rotate in the same direction and at the same speed, and means for adjusting said second member to vary the distance between axis of rotation of the second member and the axis of rotation of the cylinders v y I 2. A fluid variable speed gear consisting of a pump and a motor, each comprising a rotatably mounted member, a plurality of 40' cylinders arrangediradially in said member to rotate therew1th','fa piston in eachof said cylinders, a second" member mounted to rotate about an axis arallel to the axis of rotation of the cylin ers, a piston rod for each of said pistons having one end connected to the piston and having its other end jointed to said second member and means coupling the second member to the member containing the cylinders to cause said members to rotate in the same direction and at the same speed; and means for adjusting the second member of the pump to vary the distance between the axis of rotation of said member and the axis of rotation of the pump-cylinders, the distance between the axis of rotation of the second member of the motor and the axis of rotation of the motor-cylinders remaining constant. c

3. A fluid variable speed gear consisting of a single-acting pump and a single-acting motor, each comprising a rotatably mounted member, a plurality! of cylinders arranged radially in said member to rotate therewith, a piston in each of said cylinders, a second member mounted to rotate about an axis parallel to the'j:.axis;pf rotation of the cylinders, a piston; rod for each of said pistons having one end connected to the pistons and its other end jointed to said second member, means coupling the second member to the member containing the cylinders and cansing said members to rotate in the same direction and at the same speed, and means for adjusting the second member of the pump to vary tie distance between the axis of rotation of said member and the axis of rotation of the pump-cylindcrs; each of the pump-cylinders and of the motor-cylinders having lts'working chamber located between the piston of the cylinder and the arms of rotation of the cylinder The foregoing specification signed at Barmen, Germany, this 1st day of October, 1908.

JOHANNES KRONE. [n s] 

